Review 7.2; 7.3 From Cell to Organism

WARM UP:  (2/12/16, left side)
1. What four things do all cells have?
2. What features do only prokaryotes have?
3. What features do only eukaryotes have?
4. Eukaryotes include _______, _______, & _______.
5. Prokaryotes include ________.
6. Name five organelles found in eukaryotes.




Answers:
1. DNA, cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes
2. Single-celled, all have cell wall, some have capsule
3. Nucleus, membrane-bound organelles, multicellular, plants have cell wall
4. Plants, animals, fungi
Just about every organism you're familiar with is a eukaryote. Single celled organisms like yeast, paramecia and amoebae are all eukaryotes. Grass, potatoes, and pine trees are all eukaryotes, as are algae, mushrooms, and tapeworms. And, of course, moles, fruit flies, and you are also examples of eukaryotes.
5. Bacteria
Prokaryotes are all single-celled organisms, most of which you know of as bacteria. For example, the famous (or infamous) Escherichia coli bacterium is a prokaryote, as is the streptococcus bacterium responsible for strep throat. The Streptomyces soil bacteria, from which the antibiotic streptomycin is derived, is also a prokaryotic organism. The entire subclass of archaea are also prokaryotes, mostly remarkable because of their ability to thrive in very harsh environments. An example of archaea is the Sulfolobus acidocaldarius archeobacterium that lives in extremely acidic mud pots in geothermally active areas.

Just about every living organism on Earth can be placed in one of two classes: prokaryotes and eukaryotes. A prokaryote is a cell without a nucleus and eukaryotes are cells that contain nuclei. There's one quick test to distinguish prokaryotes from eukaryotes: if you can see a single organism, it's a eukaryote. All prokaryotes are single-celled organisms. Some eukaryotes are also single-celled organisms, but every multi-celled organism is eukaryotic.

6. Mitochondria, nucleus, nucleolus, lysosome, ribosome, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, rough endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, vacuole

-Check for flashcard completion

Of the flashcards, there are a few terms we didn't discuss in our notetaking on Wednesday. Let's do that now.

nucleolus - the "brain" of the nucleus; responsible for ribosome synthesis and production


chloroplast - found only in plant cells; site of photosynthesis


lysosome - breaks down waste in a cell



cytoplasm - in a eukaryotic cell, includes all the material inside the cell (organelles) but outside the nucleus; everything contained inside the membrane

cytosol - gel-like substance in between organelles 

OVERVIEW OF CELL STRUCTURE VIDEO (7:21 MIN)


7.3 From Cell to Organism

How is a multicellular organism organised? 

The biological levels of organization of living things arranged

from the simplest to most complex are: 

organelle, cells, tissues, organs, organ 

systems, organisms, populations, communities, ecosystem,

 and biosphere.