Welcome back! 3.1 Notes; 3.2; Cabbage Lab

Welcome back! I hope you had a great holiday! :)
Share 1 Rose & 1 Thorn with table partners...

Looking into the near future...
-Including today, 5 days of biology class until final
-Biology final is on Thursday, 1/21 
-Honors projects are due next week 1/13 & 1/14 (15th latest)
-Next Interactive Notebook check: Thursday, 1/14

Reminder of what we did last class:
-Use textbook (hard copy or online) to do 
Directed Reading 3.1 Matter & Substances
-Copy into next open right hand page, do left side processing

-Review answers to Directed Reading 3.1 Matter & Substances

3.1 Notes:
-Every living and nonliving thing is made up of matter, and all matter is made up of atoms - the smallest unit of matter that cannot be broken down by chemical means.

-Atoms are made of:
protons +
electrons -
neutrons (no charge)

-Since each atom has the same number of protons and electrons, they have no overall charge (cancels out charge)
Watch this video 'Atomic Structure' to help explain the structure of atoms.

-The Periodic Table contains elements, a substance made up of atoms that have the same number of protons. An element's identity is based on its atomic number, which is the number of protons in one atom of that element. 

For example, carbon's atomic number is 6.

PERIODIC TABLE SONG!

BREAKING NEWS: FOUR NEW ELEMENTS ADDED TO THE PERIODIC TABLE ON 1/4/16!

-The chemical reactions covered in this chapter involve electrons.

-A change in the number of electrons does not change an atom's identity.

-Atomic structure:
Electrons fill the outer shells of an atom
Only 2 electrons can fill the innermost shell
Outer shells hold eight and prefer to have their outer shell filled, making them stable.
-Hydrogen is stable when it only has 2 valence electrons
-A compound is a substance make of the bonded atoms of two or more different elements.

Comparing bonding:
Covalent - electron pairs are shared; molecules are produced; bond is the attraction for shared electrons.
Ionic - electrons are transferred; ions are produced; bond is the attraction between ions of opposite charge.

Video: Dogs Teaching Chemistry

3.2 Water and Solutions

Learning Objective: I can describe the unique properties of water and why it is an essential compound for the survival of all living things.

To demonstrate some of the unique properties of water, do pH Cabbage Lab. 
At the top of your lab sheet, define acid and base.
acid - compound that forms extra hydronium ions when dissolved in water.
base - compound that forms extra hydroxide ions when dissolved in water.
(depending on the amount of extra ions, the solution will either be less acidic, less basic, or neutral)

On the back of your lab sheet, copy data table & diagram!