Finish 10.2 Mitosis; Begin 10.3 Regulation

-Finish 10.2: Mitosis (watch video)

Record/draw Cell Cycle Stages in interactive notebooks:

(Right hand side) 1. Interphase - cell is not yet dividing, but growing and preparing to divide (building more organelles, copying DNA)

2. Mitosis: dividing cell's nucleus into two daughter nuclei
a. Prophase - chromosome condense, nuclear membrane breaks down  
b. Metaphase - condensed chromosomes line up along cell's equator
c. Anaphase - chromatids move toward opposite poles; each pole now has a full set of chromosomes
d. Telophase - nuclear envelope forms around the chromosomes at each pole of the cell

3. Cytokinesis - cell is divided into two daughter cells of equal size; cell in pinched in half by a belt of protein threads

*the end result of mitosis and cytokinesis is two genetically identical cells in place of the original cell

Processing drawing: (left hand side)

 

10.3 Regulation of Cell Growth & Division: Your body grows when more cells are added to the tissues and organs that make up the body. To stay healthy, cells continue to divide as needed to replace or renew tissues. How is the cell cycle regulated?
Controls
-Cell growth and division depend on protein signals and environmental signals.
Checkpoints
-Feedback signals at key checkpoints in the cell cycle can delay or trigger the next phase of the cell cycle. During the cell cycle, a cell undergoes an inspection process to ensure that the cell is ready for the next phase in the cell cycle.
Cancer
-Damage to a cell's DNA can cause a cell to respond improperly to signals and checkpoints, resulting in an uncontrolled cell cycle.

-Uncontrolled cell growth and division can result in masses of cells that invade and destroy healthy tissues.

-Cancer is a group of severe and sometimes fatal diseases that are caused by uncontrolled cell growth. 

-Each year globally, about 14 million people learn they have cancer, and 8 million people die from the disease. Research suggests that one-third of cancer deaths can be prevented, but sometimes services and technologies are not widely available, especially in low and middle-income countries.
-This year about 564,800 Americans are expected to die of cancer

-A defective cell divides and produces more defective cells, and can eventually form a mass called a tumor. A benign tumor does not spread to other parts of the body and can often be removed by surgery. A malignant tumor invades and destroys nearby healthy tissues and organs.

-Cancer can be treated by using drugs, chemotherapy, surgery, or radiation therapy.

-To prevent cancer: don't use tobacco, eat a healthy diet, maintain healthy weight & be physically active, protect yourself from the sun, get immunized, avoid risky behaviors, & get regular medical care.

Watch PBS - Cancer: The Emperor of All Maladies   Intro