Return tests & notebooks/ grade check in/ extra credit

-Return Tests & Notebooks

-Test retakes

-Check your biology grade in Synergy
On a half sheet of paper, write down your current grade and any work you are missing. Be prepared to show it to me next Tuesday in class.

-Study Guide for the final will be available by next Tues

-Extra Credit opportunity: 
Watch COSMOS Episode 1: A Spacetime Odyssey (45mins)

and complete worksheet by next Friday, June 3rd.

No school Monday - Happy Memorial Day!

Genetics/Heredity Unit Test

Genetics/Heredity Chapter Test today! 

-Use first 15 minutes of class to study for your test and finish up notebooks

-Turn in interactive notebook for 50 points

-Test taking procedures:
*Try your best, take your time, & stay focused
*No talking (everyone deserves a quiet testing environment)
*No personal electronic devices while testing
*When finished, bring your test up to me and then read, do homework, listen to music quietly.

Genetics/Heredity Notebook Contents

What should be in my Genetics/Heredity Unit notebook?

Mitosis/Meiosis notes
Warm Up/Processing
Cell Growth & Regulation notes
Warm Up/Processing
Chromosome #, Reproduction, & Genetic Variation notes
Warm Up/Processing
12.3 Active Reading
Warm Up/Processing
Traits Lab
Study Guide

Ch 10/11/12 Study Guide (study period)

GENETICS/HEREDITY STUDY GUIDE

Catch Up day; Finish Traits Lab

WARM UP: 5/19/16 (left side)
Draw a Punnett square to determine the possible genotypes of offspring based on the parents' genotypes:
1. Cross a heterozygous parent with a homozygous dominant parent for eye color. Let B stand for dominant brown eyes and b stand for recessive blue eyes. What percentage of offspring will have blue eyes? 
2. Cross a homozygous dominant parent with a homozygous recessive parent for the widow's peak trait. Let W stand for widow's peak (dominant) and w stand for no widow's peak (recessive). What percentage of offspring will have widow's peaks?

Continue Determination of Genotypes from Phenotypes in Humans Lab  (Traits Lab) Due by end of class today for 20 points

Learning Objective: I can determine my own possible genotypes from my phenotypes.

e.

TIPS TO HELP YOU WITH TRAITS LAB:

-cilantro tasting trait is not yet determined to be dominant or recessive, so do not include it in your list of traits in the analysis questions.

-remember that hair texture, inter-eye distance, and lip protrusion are all traits that are neither dominant or recessive, they are incompletely dominant traits

-for #8 look at page 1 in the second paragraph where we highlighted together

Punnett Square Review; Traits Lab

WARM UP (left side) 5/17/16
1. __________ are different variations of a gene and are represented by a letter.
2. A capital letter means ________ and a lower case is ________.
3. If an offspring has one dominant and one recessive allele it is called ___________.
4. If an offspring has two of the same allele it is called _________.
5. Draw a Punnett square cross of a homozygous dominant parent with a heterozygous parent and show the possible genotypes of the offspring. (Any letters will do.) What is the percentage of homozygous dominant offspring? Of heterzygous offspring?

Announcements:
-3 weeks left to complete work!
-This week: assembly Wednesday, tutorial Thursday

Learning Objective: I can determine my own possible genotypes from my phenotypes.

Determination of Genotypes from Phenotypes in Humans Lab  (Traits Lab) Due by end of class Thursday for 20 points

e.

Ch 12 Heredity: Punnett Squares; 12.3 Active Reading

-Think & write/warm-up (review)...

 List five characteristics that are passed on in families. 

Also, name one characteristic that is inherited but that 

may also be influenced by behavior or environment. 

Why It Matters...

Your genetic makeup influences your appearance, your abilities, and your health. We now know that many human traits have their origins in genes. As we come to understand how traits are inherited, we can use this information to better our lives.


Ch 12: Origins of Hereditary Science 

Learning Objective: I can explain how genetic traits are 

passed from one generation to another.


Vocabulary terms:

allele - different variations of a gene

dominant - an allele that is fully expressed when present

recessive - an allele that is expressed only in the absence of a dominant allele

genotype - combinations of alleles in an individual

phenotype - physical traits that result from genotype

homozygous - two identical alleles of a gene

heterozygous - two different alleles of a gene


Watch this super informative and adorable video on 

Heredity and Gregor Mendel (3 min)

-Watch Bozeman Science lecture video on Punnett Squares (12mins)


-Do 12.3 Active Reading together to discuss Punnett Squares; glue into notebook

Chapter 11 Chromosome Number, Reproduction, & Genetic Variation

-Tutorial Thurs & Fri this week
-Midterm Progress Reports went out yesterday
-Including today, 4 more days of current unit
-Unit test & notebooks due Wed 5/25

Ch 11: Chromosome Number, Reproduction & Genetic Variation

Learning Objective: I can explain variations in chromosome number, the different types of reproduction, and the advantages of genetic variation.

Chromosome Number
Humans have 46 chromosomes in each somatic cell. Cells with two sets of chromosomes are called diploid (2n). Gametes are haploid cells and have only one set of chromosomes, so human gametes have 23 chromosomes (n=23).

*THINK:What are some different ways that organisms reproduce (make offspring)? 

Complete Reproduction worksheet (review vocab first)
Glue into notebook, do left side processing


Processing:T-chart with advantages and disadvantages of reproduction types

Examples of Asexual Reproduction:

Komodo Dragons can reproduce through parthenogenesis!
(2 min video)

Watch video clip of starfish regeneration (4 min)

Genetic Variation is an advantage for a population and can help a population survive a major environmental change. 
It is made possible by sexual reproduction in which genes are rearranged through meiosis. The fusion of haploid cells from two different individuals adds further variation. 
Contributions to genetic variation are:
1. crossing over (sister chromatids overlap and swap spots)
2. independent assortment (random distribution of chromosomes during meiosis)
3. random fertilization (possible gamete combinations & outcomes)

Chromosome numbers of common organisms

Sci Show 'Why Ferns Have More Chromosomes Than You'

Review Mitosis/Meiosis; Cell Growth & Regulation

WARM UP (left side) 5/9/16
1. The repeating sequence of cellular growth and division is called the ____ _____.
2. Mitosis results in two genetically _______ cells.
3. Mitosis occurs in what type of cells?
4. Meiosis results in four genetically _______ cells.
5. Meiosis occurs in what type of cells?

Then make sure you have this down for processing:

Announcements:
-Midterm Progress Reports due tomorrow
-This Wednesday 5/11 Mental Health Awareness Assembly; all freshman will attend with their 6th period class
-We will finish this Unit by next Thursday, 5/19
-Unit study guide on Monday 5/23; test/notebooks on 5/25
-Science News: Transit of Mercury today

10.3 Regulation of Cell Growth & Division: Your body grows when more cells are added to the tissues and organs that make up the body. To stay healthy, cells continue to divide as needed to replace or renew tissues. 

Learning Objective: I can describe how the cell cycle is regulated and the consequences of uncontrolled cell growth. 

Controls
-Cell growth and division depend on internal protein signals and external environmental signals.

Checkpoints
-Feedback signals at key checkpoints in the cell cycle can delay or trigger the next phase of the cell cycle. 

Cancer
-Damage to a cell's DNA can cause a cell to respond improperly to signals and checkpoints, resulting in an uncontrolled cell cycle.

-Uncontrolled cell growth and division can result in masses of cells that invade and destroy healthy tissues, known as cancer. 

-A defective cell divides and produces more defective cells, and can eventually form a mass called a tumor. A tumor can be tested in a process called a biopsy. A benign tumor does not spread to other parts of the body and can often be removed by surgery. A malignant tumor invades and destroys nearby healthy tissues and organs.

-Cancer treatments: drugs, chemotherapy, surgery, or radiation therapy.

-Cancer prevention: don't use tobacco, eat a healthy diet, maintain healthy weight, be physically active, protect yourself from the sun, & get regular medical care.

-Each year globally, about 14 million people learn they have cancer, and 8 million people die from the disease. Research suggests that one-third of cancer deaths can be prevented, but sometimes services and technologies are not widely available, especially in low and middle-income countries.

-This year about 564,800 Americans are expected to die of cancer

Watch PBS - Cancer: The Emperor of All Maladies  
 Intro(5 min)

Left side processing: Write at least 4 sentences about your personal connection with cancer. If you don't know anyone affected, talk about strategies for preventing cancer yourself. 

Mitosis & Meiosis

WARM UP: 5/5/16 (left side)
1. What directs a cell's activity?
2. What is the molecular unit of heredity?
3. Why is cell division necessary?

As a cell grows, it gets larger. Eventually it divides and forms two daughter cells. Each daughter cell then grows, gets larger, and divides. This repeating sequence of cellular growth and division is called the cell cycle.

MITOSIS & MEIOSIS

mitosis (video) - process of cell division in which the nucleus of a cell divides and forms two nuclei, each with a complete set of chromosomes identical to the original cell; occurs in somatic (body) cells

cytokinesis - the divison of the cytoplasm of a cell; cytokinesis follows the division of the cell's nucleus and happens in both mitosis and meiosis

interphase - the first three of  five phases of the eukaryotic cell cycle; period of cell growth before cell divison

somatic cells - body cells (brain, nerve, muscle, etc)


meiosis (video) - a process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus, which results in the production of sex cells (gametes or spores)

germ cells - in a multicellular organism, any reproductive cell 

gametes - a reproductive cell that unites with another reproductive cell to form a zygote; sperm, egg, or spores; produced during meiosis

Khan Academy Comparison Video

Return Ch 9 tests/Root Word Quiz; Begin Ch 10 Cell Growth & Division

-Return Ch 9 tests & notebooks (graded and in Synergy)

-Return Root Word Quiz #5; 21 points

Announcements:
-Tutorial Wed & Thurs this week 
-Be looking for a pink tutorial invite this week also
-Midterm Progress Reports are 5/10
-10 days of Biology class left including today!?!
-The last chapter test and notebook check is 5/25
-All Sem 2 work is due by Fri, June 2nd!
-Honors Projects due by Fri, June 2nd!
-2 study periods to prepare for Final Exam: June 1st & 3rd
-Notes from sub...

Full steam ahead!
We learned about different types of cells (the basic unit of life) and how different types of cells get energy to perform functions. 
Now...
How and why do cells grow and divide?

Ch. 10: Cell Growth & Division
10.1 Cell Reproduction: chromosomes & their structure
10.2 Mitosis 
10.3 Regulation of cell growth & division (cancer)

Chapter 10 Vocabulary

Begin 10.1 Cell Reproduction

The adult human body produces about 2 trillion cells per day that are exact copies of the cells they replace! (what kind of cells?)

Learning Objective: I can explain why and how cells reproduce.

Cell division is necessary for the growth, repair, and maintenance of organisms (continuity of life)

A cell's activity, including division, is directed by its DNA

Each new copy of a cell has the same DNA as the original cell, so DNA is also copied in cell division

gene - segment of DNA that codes for RNA & protein; the molecular unit of heredity

chromosome - in a eukaryotic cell, structure found in the nucleus and made up of DNA & protein; prokaryotes have a ring of DNA

chromatid - one of the 2 strands of a chromosome that become visible during cell division

centromere - the region of the chromosome that holds the two sister chromatids together during cell division

Take a look at the structure & draw for processing